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Tunica language
The Tunica (or Tonica, or less common form Yuron〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Language names:T )〕) language was a language isolate spoken in the Central and Lower Mississippi Valley in the United States by Native American Tunica peoples. There are no known speakers of the Tunica language remaining.〔("Tunica" ), ''Ethnologue''〕
When the last known fluent speaker Sesostrie Youchigant died in the mid-20th century, the language became extinct. Linguist Mary Haas worked with Youchigant to describe what he remembered of the language, and the description was published in ''A Grammar of the Tunica Language'' in 1941. This was followed by ''Tunica Texts'' in 1950 and ''Tunica Dictionary'' in 1953.
By the 17th century, the people had suffered a high rate of fatalities due to Eurasian infectious diseases, warfare and social disruption. The reduced Tunica tribe lived close to the Ofo and Avoyelles tribes in present-day Louisiana. They communicated by the Mobilian Jargon or French. Due to this circumstance of small population and use of a jargon, the linguist Haas noted that the eventual deterioration of the Tunica language was inevitable.〔Haas, Mary R., ''Tunica'', New York: J.J. Augustin Publisher, 1940.〕
== Language revitalization efforts ==
As of 2010, efforts were underway to revitalize the language, with the assistance of a linguistics professor at Tulane University. Tribal members read from a new children's book in Tunica at a 2010 pow wow. Only about half of the tribal members live within 75 miles of Avoyelles Parish, where the reservation is located. For this reason, as of 2014, the Tunica-Biloxi Language & Culture Revitalization Program is planning to use long-distance learning and social media.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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